![]() ![]() These roles were elaborated following Otx gene duplication in vertebrates, accompanied by regulatory and structural divergence, particularly of Otx1 descendant genes. The thalamic complex differentiates from the mid-diencephalic territory (MDT) and consists of three parts: the anteriorly located prethalamus, the posteriorly located thalamus and an intervening ventricular ridge - the zona limitans intrathalamica (ZLI). Comparative analysis of protein sequences and published gene expression patterns suggest that the ancestral chordate Otx gene had roles in patterning the anterior mesendoderm and central nervous system. Duplication of a C-terminal protein domain has occurred specifically in the vertebrate lineage, strengthening the case for a single Otx gene in an ancestral chordate whose gene structure has been retained in an extant cephalochordate. The gene cone rod homeobox ( crx ), a member of the orthodenticle homeobox (otx) family, is thought to regulate pineal circadian activity. We also present molecular phylogenetic analysis indicating that there was single ancestral Otx gene in the first chordates which was duplicated in the vertebrate lineage after it had split from the lineage leading to the cephalochordates. The urea cycle processes excess nitrogen, generated when protein is used by the body, into a compound called urea that is excreted by the kidneys. This enzyme participates in the urea cycle, a series of reactions that occurs in liver cells. We report the genomic organization and deduced protein sequence of a cephalochordate member of the Otx homeobox gene family (AmphiOtx) and show its probable single-copy state in the genome. OTX1 is a homeobox family gene related to a gene expressed in the developing Drosophila head termed orthodenticle. The OTC gene provides instructions for making the enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase.
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